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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Single-Index-Modell</span></h1>
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<p>Das <b>Single-Index-Modell</b> (kurz: <i>SIM</i>, auch <i>Ein-Index-Modell</i>) ist eine Theorie der optimalen <a href="Portfolio_Selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Portfolio Selection">Portfolioauswahl</a>.
Ziel des Single-Index-Modells ist die Vereinfachung hin zu nur einem Einflussfaktor. Damit soll ein strukturelles Gebilde geschaffen werden, das die <a href="Rendite" title="Rendite">Renditen</a> rein <a href="Statistik" title="Statistik">statistisch</a> erklärt. Es handelt sich um eine Art <a href="Regressionsanalyse" title="Regressionsanalyse">Regressionszusammenhang</a>.
</p><p>Im SIM müssen weniger Parameter als im vollen <a href="Markowitz-Modell" class="mw-redirect" title="Markowitz-Modell">Markowitz-Modell</a> geschätzt werden.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datenbedarf">Datenbedarf</h2></div>
<p>Im Single-Index-Modell wird der Datenbedarf gegenüber dem vollen Markowitz-Modell deutlich gesenkt. Die Zeitreihenanalyse benötigt lediglich je n Schätzungen für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta }">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ed48a5e36207156fb792fa79d29925d2f7901e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{\epsilon _{i}}}">
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{\epsilon _{i}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f180debe63b58f2d8adc194bd5bf4172723ad623.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.852ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{\epsilon _{i}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie je eine Schätzung für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{I}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>I</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{I}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5f4ee5bcbadab1ff17234020dcbe714206458707.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.388ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{I}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{I}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
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<mi>I</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{I}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d9a3ee3bb5119c69a6589064f9981b0fbc0c2c83.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.462ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{I}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Im Markowitz-Modell werden für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Renditen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Erwartungswerte und für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Risikogrößen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (n^{2}-n)/2}">
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi>n</mi>
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<mi>n</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (n^{2}-n)/2}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f34bfe9e63965f2419bff2398a31ee538790bca1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.818ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (n^{2}-n)/2}" loading="lazy"></span> Korrelationen benötigt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strukturannahmen">Strukturannahmen</h2></div>
<ul><li>Die Rendite des Index treibt die Rendite aller Aktien.</li>
<li>Das aktienindividuelle (<a href="Idiosynkrasie" title="Idiosynkrasie">idiosynkratische</a>) Risiko besitzt keinen Einfluss auf die individuellen Risiken der anderen Aktien: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (\epsilon _{i},\epsilon _{j})=0}">
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<mi>Cov</mi>
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<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (\epsilon _{i},\epsilon _{j})=0}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a78139f88367f364a17c29f8b95c5866fd59d953.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.77ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (\epsilon _{i},\epsilon _{j})=0}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>Die unternehmensindividuellen Risiken besitzen keinen Einfluss auf das Makrorisiko und umgekehrt besitzt das Makrorisiko keinen Einfluss auf die unternehmensindividuellen Risiken. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (r_{I},\epsilon _{j})=0}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi>r</mi>
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<mi>I</mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (r_{I},\epsilon _{j})=0}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7b791a28c0faf7956f600cd628346296cf385a19.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.135ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (r_{I},\epsilon _{j})=0}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>Die aktienindividuellen Risiken sind nicht systematisch verzerrt</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsequenzen">Konsequenzen</h2></div>
<ul><li>Der Erwartungswert der Rendite einer Aktie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> ist eine Konstante <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{i}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{i}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3b1fb627423abe4988b7ed88d4920bf1ec074790.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.287ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> plus der Indexrendite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f111c43e5cfce37bcffc6121a19b81c6efd825ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.115ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<ul><li>Die Varianz der i-ten Aktie setzt sich zusammen aus dem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{i}^{2}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/888268d190d3850db1c7c5e097f719c90919e044.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.391ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> · Indexvarianz und dem individuellen Standardfehler</li>
<li>Die Kovarianz zwischen zwei Aktien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f461e54f5c093e92a55547b9764291390f0b5d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:0.985ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j}" loading="lazy"></span> ist die mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}">
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<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f111c43e5cfce37bcffc6121a19b81c6efd825ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.115ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83edf0558c67ad56ca5c05096b550bd733d62c4b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.225ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> gewichtete Indexvarianz</li>
<li>Die Korrelation ist entsprechend die Kovarianz geteilt durch die Standardabweichungen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f461e54f5c093e92a55547b9764291390f0b5d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:0.985ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li>Der Datenbedarf wird gegenüber dem <a href="Markowitz-Modell" class="mw-redirect" title="Markowitz-Modell">Markowitz-Modell</a> deutlich reduziert.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zwischenergebnis">Zwischenergebnis</h2></div>
<ul><li>Das Risiko einer Aktie besteht aus dem <a href="Marktrisiko" title="Marktrisiko">Marktrisiko</a> und dem unternehmensindividuellen Risiko.</li>
<li>Die Renditen zweier Aktien sind korreliert, wenn das Produkt ihrer Betas positiv ist.</li>
<li>Das Risiko eines Portfolios besteht aus einer Marktkomponente und einer Individualkomponente.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regressionsgerade">Regressionsgerade</h2></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +{\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}\cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>Cov</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Markt</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Markt</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +{\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}\cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6956d944210d206258411d4f55573895957100e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:35.247ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +{\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}\cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(r_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/729bf933484e3ae081ba8b692979c4550eaa1d05.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.433ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span>: <a href="Erwartungswert" title="Erwartungswert">erwartete</a> Rendite der individuellen Komponente</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Cov</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48a5a7f0a4480b0789c76ae436c1530d5ba799cc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.525ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}" loading="lazy"></span>: Kovarianz der individuellen Komponente und des Marktes</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>Cov</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Markt</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41a99d50ac3fdd8a87151c9d6c43a4e5d782b238.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:15.792ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (I,M)}{\sigma _{\text{Markt}}^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es folgt somit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +\beta \cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Markt</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +\beta \cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c605b4dc1afa5382b8ccdc53f5cf489b55b3a388.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.218ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(r_{i})=\alpha +\beta \cdot E(r_{\text{Markt}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stationäre_Schätzung_des_Betas_(technisches_Verfahren)"><span id="Station.C3.A4re_Sch.C3.A4tzung_des_Betas_.28technisches_Verfahren.29"></span>Stationäre Schätzung des Betas (technisches Verfahren)</h3></div>
<p>Das Beta lässt sich technisch schätzen über einen historischen Zeitraum, bspw. ein Jahr. Mit einer Beobachtungsfrequenz von bspw. einer Woche erhält man so 52 Beobachtungen, aus denen das Beta geschätzt werden kann. Dem liegt zugrunde, dass in der Zukunft das Beta etwa die gleiche Höhe hat. Es wird als stationär angenommen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mean_Reverting_als_Beispielsverfahren">Mean Reverting als Beispielsverfahren</h3></div>
<p>Das Mean Reverting Verfahren geht davon aus, dass die beobachteten Beta um einen langfristigen Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/40b42f71f244103a8fca3c76885c7580a92831c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.37ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> schwanken. Mittels eines Reversionsfaktors werden die Abweichungen in Richtung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/40b42f71f244103a8fca3c76885c7580a92831c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.37ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> korrigiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundamentale_Einflussfaktoren_auf_Beta">Fundamentale Einflussfaktoren auf Beta</h3></div>
<p>Die Idee hierbei ist, dass das Beta die <a href="Sensitivit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sensitivität">Sensitivität</a> der Aktienrendite gegenüber der Rendite des Index darstellt. Betrachten wir die Aktienrendite als <a href="Eigenkapitalrendite" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenkapitalrendite">Eigenkapitalrendite</a>, so haben der <a href="Verschuldungsgrad" title="Verschuldungsgrad">Verschuldungsgrad</a>, die Größe des Unternehmens, die <a href="Kapitalintensit%C3%A4t" title="Kapitalintensität">Kapitalintensität</a> oder das <a href="Produktionsprogramm" title="Produktionsprogramm">Produktionsprogramm</a> Einfluss auf diesen Wert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendung">Anwendung</h2></div>
<p>Die Erkenntnisse lassen sich im <a href="Portfoliomanagement" title="Portfoliomanagement">Portfoliomanagement</a> bei der <a href="Verm%C3%B6gensallokation" title="Vermögensallokation">Vermögensallokation</a> anwenden.
</p><p>Auf der obersten Portfolioebene wird das volle Marktmodell angewandt. Dabei wird das Portfolio in zwei Segmente für Aktien und Anleihen eingeteilt. Die Auswahl des effizienten Portfolios erfolgt über die erste <a href="Portfoliotheorie#Effiziente_Portfolios" title="Portfoliotheorie">Effizienzlinie</a> auf übergeordneter Ebene. Im Aktiensegment erfolgt das Stock Picking dann über ein Single-Index-Modell. Daraus ergibt sich eine zweite, bedingte Effizienzlinie.
</p><p>Dieses Vorgehen ist theoretisch zwar nicht in seiner Gesamtheit optimal, benötigt aber im Vergleich zum Markowitz-Modell deutlich weniger Inputdaten und reduziert somit auch den Rechenaufwand.
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